How markets are work? What is the role of exchanges?

I just want to know that how markets are working? what is the role of exchanges? who determine the price of stock or commodity? what moves the price? who is the one other side of the trade? what makes volatility in price?

refer to this link

Check out the below link to understand Stock Market in layman terms. Understanding every aspect of this article should be the first step in your trading career.

http://tradingtuitions.com/trading-for-dummies-a-simple-analogy/