Aren’t these 2 bullet-points saying the exact same thing,
though confusingly categorised as distinct push and pull factors.
Did someone run the original article through some LLM before posting?
BTW, the section on India’s Villages on the Rise: SBI Report Insights in this post published today,
provides some insight into how rural development has outpaced urban development, affecting the the lowest income group (traditionally having the most migrant population).
This could explain the drop in domestic migration
and appears to align well with the stats quoted at the very beginning of this topic-thread.