Margin required on call spreads looks too high

Hi,

When you go long a call spread(that is when you go long a call option of a lower strike and short a call option of a higher strike, with both having the same expiry), you cannot lose more than the amount you initially pay. Technically, there is no reason to hold a margin beyond this amount.

When you go short a call spread(that is when you go short a call option of a lower strike and long a call option of a higher strike, with both having the same expiry), the maximum loss possible is the difference of two strikes multiplied by the contract multiplier. There is no reason to exact a margin bigger than this amount.

However in both these cases, brokers look to be exacting much bigger margins (Zerodha for example, takes around Rs.14000 as margin for a short call spread when the maximum risk possible is Rs.1250. They told that they look into this issue as an enhancement). This can hinder traders from placing more trades with their available capital.

Can someone chip in with their comments on this? Wanted to hear opinions from experts on this! (It would be great to hear opinion of @nithin sir on this, as well!)

Thanks

Thanks

Brokers has no role in deciding required margins, they just block what is required by the exchanges, all brokers block the same. Exchanges has their own internal models but mainly they follow SPAN.

Thank you @siva for your reply. I have a followup question on this:

If that is the case, shouldn’t exchange ensure that the margin required does not exceed the maximum possible loss of the portfolio? I understand exchanges requiring a huge margin for naked short option positions, but shouldn’t it be much lesser for limited risk positions? The benefits for these are paramount, and I am listing them below:

  1. This can enable to traders to make maximum use of their capital.
  2. This can also incentivise traders to go for limited risk positions, thus reducing their potential losses.
  3. This can increase trading activity, benefitting both brokers as well as exchanges.

Thus, everyone wins!

This is obvious, but a trader can try to break the hedge and exit buy leg leaving a sell leg with much lesser margin, this increases risk to the overall system.

Systems should be built by exchanges in such a way the spread leg can’t be broken on one side and if user want to exit he should exit full spread if not none, so till then this continues.

Thank you @siva for your comment.

=

Systems should be built by exchanges in such a way the spread leg can’t be broken on one side and if user want to exit he should exit full spread if not none, so till then this continue=

=

Isn’t this possible even now? A naked short NIFTY call can have a margin requirement of Rs.42000 whereas a corresponding short call spread can have a margin requirement of only Rs.14000. So can someone go short a call spread and get rid of the long position of the spread to have a naked short option position with a margin of Rs.14000? I haven’t tested this, but was thinking that I would be blocked from getting rid of my long option position if I did not have Rs.42000 in my account.

If I could do the above mentioned hypothetical trade, then this is something that needs to be fixed now. And doing it the right way, can ensure that margin truly reflects the risk of the portfolio.

Yes this is true as the regulators are trying to de-risk the entire derivatives segment.

So if I want this to change, what should I do ? Should I contact the exchange or SEBI? Given that they are the ones who set the rules regarding margin, I guess that is the most sensible thing to do.

Thanks

Subject: Proposal for Adjusting Margin Requirements for Defined Risk Spreads to Better Reflect Actual Risk
To
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
SEBI Bhavan, Plot No. C4-A, ‘G’ Block, Bandra-Kurla Complex, Bandra (East), Mumbai - 400051, Maharashtra
Date:

Respected Sir/Madam,

I hope this letter finds you well. I am writing to highlight a concern regarding the current margining framework for defined risk spreads in the Indian derivatives market, specifically related to the large margin requirements that seem disproportionate to the actual risk exposure.

The Issue at Hand
Currently, margin requirements for trades like defined risk spreads are often substantially higher than the actual risk that traders are exposed to. For example, if an investor is involved in a defined risk spread where the maximum loss is capped at ₹4,000, the margin requirement might be ₹40,000 or more. This is akin to asking an investor to put up ₹5 crores to purchase a ₹1 crore property. Clearly, this doesn’t seem to make much sense from a capital efficiency or risk-alignment perspective.

Why This is Problematic
Disproportionate Capital Commitment: Asking an investor to deposit much more than their actual exposure creates a significant burden, especially for retail investors with limited capital. This reduces their ability to diversify and participate in other opportunities.

Inefficient Use of Capital: The capital efficiency of a trader is compromised when they are required to lock up funds far exceeding the risk they’re taking. For example, if the maximum potential loss is ₹4,000, requiring a margin of ₹40,000 is not aligned with the risk-reward ratio.

Inaccessibility for Small Investors: Retail investors, especially those with smaller portfolios, may find it difficult to participate in the derivatives market due to these high margin requirements, even though their risk exposure is clearly defined and limited.

A Fairer Approach
I kindly propose a reconsideration of the margining framework for defined risk spreads so that the margin requirement more accurately reflects the actual risk involved.

If an investor is taking on a defined risk spread with a maximum loss of ₹4,000, then the margin requirement should ideally be closer to ₹3,500 or ₹7,500 (which is the total value of the spread, excluding the credit received), or a small buffer for operational costs—not ₹40,000. This would align the capital commitment with the risk exposure, encouraging greater participation and capital efficiency in the market.

Additionally, if a trader chooses to take positions on both sides of a spread, there should be no additional margin requirement. As the market cannot expire on both sides unless the short strikes overlap or the width of the spread on either side increases, the margin requirement should not increase for merely holding positions on both sides. The trader’s maximum exposure is still clearly defined and should not be subject to additional margin burdens unless the nature of the spread changes.

Conclusion
To conclude, I respectfully request that SEBI consider adjusting the margin requirements for defined risk spreads to ensure they are in line with the actual risk that traders are taking on. This adjustment would create a more accessible and efficient trading environment for retail investors, promoting market growth without compromising on systemic stability.

Thank you for your time and attention to this matter. I look forward to your response and am happy to engage further in discussions if needed.

Sincerely,
Free Market Freak.
push the word guys we got to get this done enough is enough

1 Like

Fantastic. I am all in on this!

To ensure this request has any meaningful impact,
and is not dismissed outright as someone who doesn’t understand what they are getting into,
can you share any actual examples of what exactly was being attempted?
(i.e. the securities, the financial instruments involved, and the timeline)

There is a possibility that the valuation of the assets involved might be off.

Sounds perfectly reasonable if the 5 crore involves
illiquid or volatile assets, or a promise of a future cash-flow, or some such alternate arrangement and not plain hard cash today.